Textorah

Numbers 1

1
וַיְדַבֵּר יְהוָה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה בְּמִדְבַּר סִינַי בְּאֹהֶל מוֹעֵד בְּאֶחָד לַחֹדֶשׁ הַשֵּׁנִי בַּשָּׁנָה הַשֵּׁנִית לְצֵאתָם מֵאֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם לֵאמֹר
AND THE HaShem spoke unto Moses in the wilderness of Sinai, in the tent of meeting, on the first day of the second month, in the second year after the were come out of the land of Egypt, saying:
ΚΑΙ ἐλάλησε Κύριος πρὸς Μωυσῆν ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ τῇ Σινᾷ, ἐν τῇ σκηνῇ τοῦ μαρτυρίου, ἐν μιᾷ τοῦ μηνὸς τοῦ δευτέρου, ἔτους δευτέρου ἐξελθόντων αὐτῶν ἐκ γῆς Αἰγύπτου, λέγων,
And the Lord spoke to Moses in the wilderness of Sinai, in the tabernacle of witness, on the first day of the second month, in the second year of their departure from the land of Egypt, saying,
2
שְׂאוּ אֶת־רֹאשׁ כָּל־עֲדַת בְּנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵל לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָם לְבֵית אֲבֹתָם בְּמִסְפַּר שֵׁמוֹת כָּל־זָכָר לְגֻלְגְּלֹתָם
'Take ye the sum of all the congregation of the children of Israel, by their families, by their fathers' houses, according to the number of names, every male, by their polls;
λάβετε ἀρχὴν πάσης συναγωγῆς Ἰσραὴλ κατὰ συγγενείας, κατʼ οἴκους πατριῶν αὐτῶν, κατὰ ἀριθμὸν ἐξ ὀνόματος αὐτῶν, κατὰ κεφαλὴν αὐτῶν·
Take the sum of all the congregation of Israel according to their kindred, according to the houses of their fathers’ families, according to their number by their names, according to their heads: every male
3
מִבֶּן עֶשְׂרִים שָׁנָה וָמַעְלָה כָּל־יֹצֵא צָבָא בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל תִּפְקְדוּ אֹתָם לְצִבְאֹתָם אַתָּה וְאַהֲרֹן
from twenty years old and upward, all that are able to go forth to war in Israel: ye shall number them by their hosts, even thou and Aaron.
πᾶς ἄρσην ἀπὸ εἰκοσαετοῦς καὶ ἐπάνω, πᾶς ὁ ἐκπορευόμενος ἐν δυνάμει Ἰσραήλ, ἐπισκέψασθε αὐτοὺς σὺν δυνάμει αὐτῶν· σὺ καὶ Ἀαρὼν ἐπισκέψασθε αὐτούς.
from twenty years old and upward, everyone that goes forth in the forces of Israel, take account of them with their strength; thou and Aaron take account of them.
4
וְאִתְּכֶם יִהְיוּ אִישׁ אִישׁ לַמַּטֶּה אִישׁ רֹאשׁ לְבֵית־אֲבֹתָיו הוּא
And with you there shall be a man of every tribe, every one head of his fathers' house.
Καὶ μεθʼ ὑμῶν ἔσονται ἕκαστος κατὰ φυλὴν ἑκάστου ἀρχόντων, κατʼ οἴκους πατριῶν ἔσονται.
And with you there shall be each one of the rulers according to the tribe of each: they shall be according to the houses of their families.
5
וְאֵלֶּה שְׁמוֹת הָאֲנָשִׁים אֲשֶׁר יַעַמְדוּ אִתְּכֶם לִרְאוּבֵן אֱלִיצוּר בֶּן־שְׁדֵיאוּר
And these are the names of the men that shall stand with you: of Reuben, Elizur the son of Shedeur.
Καὶ ταῦτα τὰ ὀνόματα τῶν ἀνδρῶν, οἵτινες παραστήσονται μεθʼ ὑμῶν· τῶν Ῥουβὴν, Ἐλισοὺρ υἱὸς Σεδιούρ·
And these are the names of the men who shall be present with you; of the tribe of Reuben, Elizur the son of Shedeur.
6
לְשִׁמְעוֹן שְׁלֻמִיאֵל בֶּן־צוּרִישַׁדָּי
Of Simeon, Shelumiel the son of Zurishaddai.
Τῶν Συμεὼν, Σαλαμιὴλ υἱὸς Σουρισαδαί.
Of Simeon, Shelumiel the son of Zurishaddai.
7
לִיהוּדָה נַחְשׁוֹן בֶּן־עַמִּינָדָב
Of Judah, Nahshon the son of Amminadab.
Τῶν Ἰούδα, Ναασσὼν υἱὸς Ἀμιναδάβ.
Of Judah, Nahshon the son of Amminadab.
8
לְיִשָּׂשכָר נְתַנְאֵל בֶּן־צוּעָר
Of Issachar, Nethanel the son of Zuar.
Τῶν Ἰσσάχαρ, Ναθαναὴλ υἱὸς Σωγάρ·
Of Issachar, Nethanel the son of Zuar.
9
לִזְבוּלֻן אֱלִיאָב בֶּן־חֵלֹן
Of Zebulun, Eliab the son of Helon.
Τῶν Ζαβουλὼν, Ἐλιὰβ υἱὸς Χαιλών· Τῶν υἱῶν Ἰωσὴφ τῶν Ἐφραὶμ, Ἐλισαμὰ υἱὸς Ἐμιούδ·
Of Zebulun, Eliab the son of Helon.
10
לִבְנֵי יוֹסֵף לְאֶפְרַיִם אֱלִישָׁמָע בֶּן־עַמִּיהוּד לִמְנַשֶּׁה גַּמְלִיאֵל בֶּן־פְּדָהצוּר
Of the children of Joseph: of Ephraim, Elishama the son of Ammihud; of Manasseh, Gamaliel the son of Pedahzur.
τῶν Μανασσῆ, Γαμαλιὴλ υἱὸς Φαδασούρ.
Of the sons of Joseph, of Ephraim, Elishama the son of Ammihud: of Manasseh, Gamaliel the son of Pedahzur.
11
לְבִנְיָמִן אֲבִידָן בֶּן־גִּדְעֹנִי
Of Benjamin, Abidan the son of Gideoni.
Τῶν Βενιαμὶν, Ἀβιδὰν υἱὸς Γαδεωνί.
Of Benjamin, Abidan the son of Gideoni.
12
לְדָן אֲחִיעֶזֶר בֶּן־עַמִּישַׁדָּי
Of Dan, Ahiezer the son of Ammishaddai.
Τῶν Δὰν, Ἀχιέζερ υἱὸς Ἀμισαδαΐ.
Of Dan, Ahiezer the son of Ammishaddai.
13
לְאָשֵׁר פַּגְעִיאֵל בֶּן־עָכְרָן
Of Asher, Pagiel the son of Ochran.
Τῶν Ἀσὴρ, Φαγαϊὴλ, υἱὸς Ἐχράν.
Of Asher, Pagiel the son of Ochran.
14
לְגָד אֶלְיָסָף בֶּן־דְּעוּאֵל
Of Gad, Eliasaph the son of Deuel.
Τῶν Γὰδ, Ἐλισὰφ υἱὸς Ῥαγουήλ.
Of Gad, Eliasaph the son of Reuel.
15
לְנַפְתָּלִי אֲחִירַע בֶּן־עֵינָן
Of Naphtali, Ahira the son of Enan.'
Τῶν Νεφθαλὶ, Ἀχιρὲ υἱὸς Αἰνάν.
Of Naphtali, Ahira the son of Enan.
16
אֵלֶּה קריאי קְרוּאֵי הָעֵדָה נְשִׂיאֵי מַטּוֹת אֲבוֹתָם רָאשֵׁי אַלְפֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל הֵם
These were the elect of the congregation, the princes of the tribes of their fathers; they were the heads of the thousands of Israel.
Οὗτοι ἐπίκλητοι τῆς συναγωγῆς, ἄρχοντες τῶν φυλῶν κατὰ πατριὰς αὐτῶν, χιλίαρχοι Ἰσραήλ εἰσι.
These were famous men of the congregation, heads of the tribes according to their families: these are heads of thousands in Israel.
17
וַיִּקַּח מֹשֶׁה וְאַהֲרֹן אֵת הָאֲנָשִׁים הָאֵלֶּה אֲשֶׁר נִקְּבוּ בְּשֵׁמוֹת
And Moses and Aaron took these men that are pointed out by name.
Καὶ ἔλαβε Μωυσῆς καὶ Ἀαρὼν τοὺς ἄνδρας τούτους τοὺς ἀνακληθέντας ἐξ ὀνόματος.
And Moses and Aaron took these men who were called by name.
18
וְאֵת כָּל־הָעֵדָה הִקְהִילוּ בְּאֶחָד לַחֹדֶשׁ הַשֵּׁנִי וַיִּתְיַלְדוּ עַל־מִשְׁפְּחֹתָם לְבֵית אֲבֹתָם בְּמִסְפַּר שֵׁמוֹת מִבֶּן עֶשְׂרִים שָׁנָה וָמַעְלָה לְגֻלְגְּלֹתָם
And they assembled all the congregation together on the first day of the second month, and they declared their pedigrees after their families, by their fathers' houses, according to the number of names, from twenty years old and upward, by their polls.
Καὶ πᾶσαν τὴν συναγωγὴν συνήγαγον ἐν μιᾷ τοῦ μηνὸς τοῦ δευτέρου ἔτους· καὶ ἐπηξονοῦσαν κατὰ γενέσεις αὐτῶν, κατὰ πατριὰς αὐτῶν, κατὰ ἀριθμὸν ὀνομάτων αὐτῶν, ἀπὸ εἰκοσαετοῦς καὶ ἐπάνω, πᾶν ἀρσενικὸν κατὰ κεφαλὴν αὐτῶν,
And they assembled all the congregation on the first day of the month in the second year; and they registered them after their lineage, after their families, after the number of their names, from twenty years old and upward, every male according to their number:
19
כַּאֲשֶׁר צִוָּה יְהוָה אֶת־מֹשֶׁה וַיִּפְקְדֵם בְּמִדְבַּר סִינָי
As HaShem commanded Moses, so did he number them in the wilderness of Sinai.
ὃν τρόπον συνέταξε Κύριος τῷ Μωυσῇ· καὶ ἐπεσκέπησαν ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ τοῦ Σινά.
as the Lord commanded Moses, so they were numbered in the wilderness of Sinai.
20
וַיִּהְיוּ בְנֵי־רְאוּבֵן בְּכֹר יִשְׂרָאֵל תּוֹלְדֹתָם לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָם לְבֵית אֲבֹתָם בְּמִסְפַּר שֵׁמוֹת לְגֻלְגְּלֹתָם כָּל־זָכָר מִבֶּן עֶשְׂרִים שָׁנָה וָמַעְלָה כֹּל יֹצֵא צָבָא
And the children of Reuben, Israel's first-born, their generations, by their families, by their fathers' houses, according to the number of names, by their polls, every male from twenty years old and upward, all that were able to go forth to war;
Καὶ ἐγένοντο οἱ υἱοὶ Ῥουβὴν πρωτοτόκου Ἰσραὴλ κατὰ συγγενείας αὐτῶν, κατὰ δήμους αὐτῶν, κατʼ οἴκους πατριῶν αὐτῶν, κατὰ ἀριθμὸν ὀνομάτων αὐτῶν, κατὰ κεφαλὴν αὐτῶν, πάντα ἀρσενικὰ ἀπὸ εἰκοσαετοῦς καὶ ἐπάνω, πᾶς ὁ ἐκπορευόμενος ἐν τῇ δυνάμει,
And the sons of Reuben the firstborn of Israel according to their kindred, according to their divisions, according to the houses of their families, according to the number of their names, according to their heads, were—all males from twenty years old and upward, everyone that went out with the host—
21
פְּקֻדֵיהֶם לְמַטֵּה רְאוּבֵן שִׁשָּׁה וְאַרְבָּעִים אֶלֶף וַחֲמֵשׁ מֵאוֹת
those that were numbered of them, of the tribe of Reuben, were forty and six thousand and five hundred.
ἡ ἐπίσκεψις αὐτῶν ἐκ τῆς φυλῆς Ῥουβὴν, ἓξ καὶ τεσσαράκοντα χιλιάδες καὶ πεντακόσιοι.
the numbering of them of the tribe of Reuben, was forty-six thousand and four hundred.
22
לִבְנֵי שִׁמְעוֹן תּוֹלְדֹתָם לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָם לְבֵית אֲבֹתָם פְּקֻדָיו בְּמִסְפַּר שֵׁמוֹת לְגֻלְגְּלֹתָם כָּל־זָכָר מִבֶּן עֶשְׂרִים שָׁנָה וָמַעְלָה כֹּל יֹצֵא צָבָא
Of the children of Simeon, their generations, by their families, by their fathers' houses, those that were numbered thereof, according to the number of names, by their polls, every male from twenty years old and upward, all that were able to go forth to war;
Τοῖς υἱοῖς Συμεὼν κατὰ συγγενείας αὐτῶν, κατὰ δήμους αὐτῶν, κατʼ οἴκους πατριῶν αὐτῶν, κατὰ ἀριθμὸν ὀνομάτων αὐτῶν, κατὰ κεφαλὴν αὐτῶν, πάντα ἀρσενικὰ ἀπὸ εἰκοσαετοῦς καὶ ἐπάνω, πᾶς ὁ ἐκπορευόμενος ἐν τῇ δυνάμει,
For the children of Simeon according to their kindred, according to their divisions, according to the houses of their families, according to the number of their names, according to their polls, all males from twenty years old and upward, everyone that goes out with the host,
23
פְּקֻדֵיהֶם לְמַטֵּה שִׁמְעוֹן תִּשְׁעָה וַחֲמִשִּׁים אֶלֶף וּשְׁלֹשׁ מֵאוֹת
those that were numbered of them, of the tribe of Simeon, were fifty and nine thousand and three hundred.
ἡ ἐπίσκεψις αὐτῶν ἐκ τῆς φυλῆς Συμεὼν, ἐννέα καὶ πεντήκοντα χιλιάδες καὶ τριακόσιοι.
the numbering of them of the tribe of Simeon, was fifty-nine thousand and three hundred.
24
לִבְנֵי גָד תּוֹלְדֹתָם לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָם לְבֵית אֲבֹתָם בְּמִסְפַּר שֵׁמוֹת מִבֶּן עֶשְׂרִים שָׁנָה וָמַעְלָה כֹּל יֹצֵא צָבָא
Of the children of Gad, their generations, by their families, by their fathers' houses, according to the number of names, from twenty years old and upward, all that were able to go forth to war;
Τοῖς υἱοῖς Ἰούδα κατὰ συγγενείας αὐτῶν, κατὰ δήμους αὐτῶν, κατʼ οἴκους πατριῶν αὐτῶν, κατὰ ἀριθμὸν ὀνομάτων αὐτῶν, κατὰ κεφαλὴν αὐτῶν, πάντα ἀρσενικὰ ἀπὸ εἰκοσαετοῦς καὶ ἐπάνω, πᾶς ὁ ἐκπορευόμενος ἐν τῇ δυνάμει,
For the sons of Judah according to their kindred, according to their divisions, according to the houses of their families, according to the number of their names, according to their polls, all males from twenty years old and upward, everyone that goes forth with the host,
25
פְּקֻדֵיהֶם לְמַטֵּה גָד חֲמִשָּׁה וְאַרְבָּעִים אֶלֶף וְשֵׁשׁ מֵאוֹת וַחֲמִשִּׁים
those that were numbered of them, of the tribe of Gad, were forty and five thousand six hundred and fifty.
ἡ ἐπίσκεψις αὐτῶν ἐκ τῆς φυλῆς Ἰούδα, τέσσαρες καὶ ἑβδομήκοντα χιλιάδες καὶ ἑξακόσιοι.
the numbering of them of the tribe of Judah, was seventy-four thousand and six hundred.
26
לִבְנֵי יְהוּדָה תּוֹלְדֹתָם לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָם לְבֵית אֲבֹתָם בְּמִסְפַּר שֵׁמֹת מִבֶּן עֶשְׂרִים שָׁנָה וָמַעְלָה כֹּל יֹצֵא צָבָא
Of the children of Judah, their generations, by their families, by their fathers' houses, according to the number of names, from twenty years old and upward, all that were able to go forth to war;
Τοῖς υἱοῖς Ἰσσάχαρ κατὰ συγγενίας αὐτῶν, κατὰ δήμους αὐτῶν, κατʼ οἴκους πατριῶν αὐτῶν, κατὰ ἀριθμὸν ὀνομάτων αὐτῶν, κατὰ κεφαλὴν αὐτῶν, πάντα ἀρσενικὰ ἀπὸ εἰκοσαετοῦς καὶ ἐπάνω, πᾶς ὁ ἐκπορευόμενος ἐν τῇ δυνάμει,
For the sons of Issachar according to their kindred, according to their divisions, according to the houses of their families, according to the number of their names, according to their polls, all males from twenty years old and upward, everyone that goes forth with the host,
27
פְּקֻדֵיהֶם לְמַטֵּה יְהוּדָה אַרְבָּעָה וְשִׁבְעִים אֶלֶף וְשֵׁשׁ מֵאוֹת
those that were numbered of them, of the tribe of Judah, were threescore and fourteen thousand and six hundred.
28
לִבְנֵי יִשָּׂשכָר תּוֹלְדֹתָם לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָם לְבֵית אֲבֹתָם בְּמִסְפַּר שֵׁמֹת מִבֶּן עֶשְׂרִים שָׁנָה וָמַעְלָה כֹּל יֹצֵא צָבָא
Of the children of Issachar, their generations, by their families, by their fathers' houses, according to the number of names, from twenty years old and upward, all that were able to go forth to war;
Τοῖς υἱοῖς Ζαβουλὼν κατὰ συγγενείας αὐτῶν, κατὰ δήμους αὐτῶν, κατʼ οἴκους πατριῶν αὐτῶν, κατὰ ἀριθμὸν ὀνομάτων αὐτῶν, κατὰ κεφαλὴν αὐτῶν, πάντα ἀρσενικὰ ἀπὸ εἰκοσαετοῦς καὶ ἐπάνω, πᾶς ὁ ἐκπορευόμενος ἐν τῇ δυνάμει,
For the sons of Zebulun according to their kindred, according to their divisions, according to the houses of their families, according to the number of their names, according to their polls, all males from twenty years old and upward, everyone that goes out with the host,
29
פְּקֻדֵיהֶם לְמַטֵּה יִשָּׂשכָר אַרְבָּעָה וַחֲמִשִּׁים אֶלֶף וְאַרְבַּע מֵאוֹת
those that were numbered of them, of the tribe of Issachar, were fifty and four thousand and four hundred.
ἡ ἐπίσκεψις αὐτῶν ἐκ τῆς φυλῆς Ἰσσάχαρ, τέσσαρες καὶ πεντήκοντα χιλιάδες καὶ τετρακόσιοι.
the numbering of them of the tribe of Issachar, was fifty-four thousand and four hundred.
ἡ ἐπίσκεψις αὐτῶν ἐκ τῆς φυλῆς Ζαβουλὼν, ἑπτὰ καὶ πεντήκοντα χιλιάδες καὶ τετρακόσιοι.
the numbering of them of the tribe of Zebulun, was fifty-seven thousand and four hundred.
30
לִבְנֵי זְבוּלֻן תּוֹלְדֹתָם לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָם לְבֵית אֲבֹתָם בְּמִסְפַּר שֵׁמֹת מִבֶּן עֶשְׂרִים שָׁנָה וָמַעְלָה כֹּל יֹצֵא צָבָא
Of the children of Zebulun, their generations, by their families, by their fathers' houses, according to the number of names, from twenty years old and upward, all that were able to go forth to war;
Τοῖς υἱοῖς Ἰωσὴφ υἱοῖς Ἐφραὶμ κατὰ συγγενείας αὐτῶν, κατὰ δήμους αὐτῶν, κατʼ οἴκους πατριῶν αὐτῶν, κατὰ ἀριθμὸν ὀνομάτων αὐτῶν, κατὰ κεφαλὴν αὐτῶν, πάντα ἀρσενικὰ ἀπὸ εἰκοσαετοῦς καὶ ἐπάνω, πᾶς ὁ ἐκπορευόμενος ἐν τῇ δυνάμει,
For the sons of Joseph, the sons of Ephraim, according to their kindred, according to their divisions, according to the houses of their families, according to the number of their names, according to their polls, all males from twenty years old and upward, everyone that goes out with the host,
31
פְּקֻדֵיהֶם לְמַטֵּה זְבוּלֻן שִׁבְעָה וַחֲמִשִּׁים אֶלֶף וְאַרְבַּע מֵאוֹת
those that were numbered of them, of the tribe of Zebulun, were fifty and seven thousand and four hundred.
32
לִבְנֵי יוֹסֵף לִבְנֵי אֶפְרַיִם תּוֹלְדֹתָם לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָם לְבֵית אֲבֹתָם בְּמִסְפַּר שֵׁמֹת מִבֶּן עֶשְׂרִים שָׁנָה וָמַעְלָה כֹּל יֹצֵא צָבָא
Of the children of Joseph, namely, of the children of Ephraim, their generations, by their families, by their fathers' houses, according to the number of names, from twenty years old and upward, all that were able to go forth to war;
Τοῖς υἱοῖς Μανασσὴ κατὰ συγγενείας αὐτῶν, κατὰ δήμους αὐτῶν, κατʼ οἴκους πατριῶν αὐτῶν, κατὰ ἀριθμὸν ὀνομάτων αὐτῶν, κατὰ κεφαλὴν αὐτῶν, πάντα ἀρσενικὰ, ἀπὸ εἰκοσαετοῦς καὶ ἐπάνω, πᾶς ὁ ἐκπορευόμενος ἐν τῇ δυνάμει,
For the sons of Manasseh according to their kindred, according to their divisions, according to the houses of their families, according to the number of their names, according to their polls, all males from twenty years old and upward, everyone that goes out with the host,
33
פְּקֻדֵיהֶם לְמַטֵּה אֶפְרָיִם אַרְבָּעִים אֶלֶף וַחֲמֵשׁ מֵאוֹת
those that were numbered of them, of the tribe of Ephraim, were forty thousand and five hundred.
ἡ ἐπίσκέψις αὐτῶν ἐκ τῆς φυλῆς Ἐφραὶμ, τεσσαράκοντα χιλιάδες καὶ πεντακόσιοι.
the numbering of them of the tribe of Ephraim, was forty thousand and five hundred.
34
לִבְנֵי מְנַשֶּׁה תּוֹלְדֹתָם לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָם לְבֵית אֲבֹתָם בְּמִסְפַּר שֵׁמוֹת מִבֶּן עֶשְׂרִים שָׁנָה וָמַעְלָה כֹּל יֹצֵא צָבָא
Of the children of Manasseh, their generations, by their families, by their fathers' houses, according to the number of names, from twenty years old and upward, all that were able to go forth to war;
Τοῖς υἱοῖς Βενιαμὶν κατὰ συγγενείας αὐτῶν, κατὰ δήμους αὐτῶν, κατʼ οἴκους πατριῶν αὐτῶν, κατὰ ἀριθμὸν ὀνομάτων αὐτῶν, κατὰ κεφαλὴν αὐτῶν, πάντα ἀρσενικὰ ἀπὸ εἰκοσαετοῦς καὶ ἐπάνω, πᾶς ὁ ἐκπορευόμενος ἐν τῇ δυνάμει,
For the sons of Benjamin according to their kindred, according to their divisions, according to the houses of their families, according to the number of their names, according to their polls, every male from twenty years old and upward, everyone that goes forth with the host,
35
פְּקֻדֵיהֶם לְמַטֵּה מְנַשֶּׁה שְׁנַיִם וּשְׁלֹשִׁים אֶלֶף וּמָאתָיִם
those that were numbered of them, of the tribe of Manasseh, were thirty and two thousand and two hundred.
ἡ ἐπίσκεψις αὐτῶν ἐκ τῆς φυλῆς Μανασσὴ, δύο καὶ τριάκοντα χιλιάδες καὶ διακόσιοι.
the numbering of them of the tribe of Manasseh, was thirty-two thousand and two hundred.
36
לִבְנֵי בִנְיָמִן תּוֹלְדֹתָם לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָם לְבֵית אֲבֹתָם בְּמִסְפַּר שֵׁמֹת מִבֶּן עֶשְׂרִים שָׁנָה וָמַעְלָה כֹּל יֹצֵא צָבָא
Of the children of Benjamin, their generations, by their families, by their fathers' houses, according to the number of names, from twenty years old and upward, all that were able to go forth to war;
Τοῖς υἱοῖς Γὰδ κατὰ συγγενείας αὐτῶν, κατὰ δήμους αὐτῶν, κατʼ οἴκους πατριῶν αὐτῶν, κατὰ ἀριθμὸν ὀνομάτων αὐτῶν, κατὰ κεφαλὴν αὐτῶν, πάντα ἀρσενικὰ ἀπὸ εἰκοσαετοῦς καὶ ἐπάνω, πᾶς ὁ ἐκπορευόμενος ἐν τῇ δυνάμει,
For the sons of Gad according to their kindred, according to their divisions, according to the houses of their families, according to the number of their names, according to their polls, all males from twenty years old and upward, everyone that goes forth with the host,
37
פְּקֻדֵיהֶם לְמַטֵּה בִנְיָמִן חֲמִשָּׁה וּשְׁלֹשִׁים אֶלֶף וְאַרְבַּע מֵאוֹת
those that were numbered of them, of the tribe of Benjamin, were thirty and five thousand and four hundred.
ἡ ἐπίσκεψις αὐτῶν ἐκ τῆς φυλῆς Βενιαμὶν, πέντε καὶ τριάκοντα χιλιάδες καὶ τετρακόσιοι.
the numbering of them of the tribe of Benjamin, was thirty-five thousand and four hundred.
ἡ ἐπίσκεψις αὐτῶν· ἐκ τῆς φυλῆς Γὰδ, πέντε καὶ τεσσαράκοντα χιλιάδες καὶ ἑξακόσιοι καὶ πεντήκοντα.
the numbering of them of the tribe of Gad, was forty and five thousand and six hundred and fifty.
38
לִבְנֵי דָן תּוֹלְדֹתָם לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָם לְבֵית אֲבֹתָם בְּמִסְפַּר שֵׁמֹת מִבֶּן עֶשְׂרִים שָׁנָה וָמַעְלָה כֹּל יֹצֵא צָבָא
Of the children of Dan, their generations, by their families, by their fathers' houses, according to the number of names, from twenty years old and upward, all that were able to go forth to war;
Τοῖς υἱοῖς Δὰν κατὰ συγγενείας αὐτῶν, κατὰ δήμους αὐτῶν, κατʼ οἴκους πατριῶν αὐτῶν, κατὰ ἀριθμὸν ὀνομάτων αὐτῶν, κατὰ κεφαλὴν αὐτῶν, πάντα ἀρσενικὰ ἀπὸ εἰκοσαετοῦς καὶ ἐπάνω, πᾶς ὁ ἐκπορευόμενος ἐν τῇ δυνάμει,
For the sons of Dan according to their kindred, according to their divisions, according to the houses of their families, according to the number of their names, according to their polls, all males from twenty years old and upward, everyone that goes forth with the host,
39
פְּקֻדֵיהֶם לְמַטֵּה דָן שְׁנַיִם וְשִׁשִּׁים אֶלֶף וּשְׁבַע מֵאוֹת
those that were numbered of them, of the tribe of Dan, were threescore and two thousand and seven hundred.
ἡ ἐπίσκεψις αὐτῶν ἐκ τῆς φυλῆς Δὰν, δύο καὶ ἑξήκοντα χιλιάδες καὶ ἑπτακόσιοι.
the numbering of them of the tribe of Dan, was sixty and two thousand and seven hundred.
40
לִבְנֵי אָשֵׁר תּוֹלְדֹתָם לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָם לְבֵית אֲבֹתָם בְּמִסְפַּר שֵׁמֹת מִבֶּן עֶשְׂרִים שָׁנָה וָמַעְלָה כֹּל יֹצֵא צָבָא
Of the children of Asher, their generations, by their families, by their fathers' houses, according to the number of names, from twenty years old and upward, all that were able to go forth to war;
Τοῖς υἱοῖς Ἀσὴρ κατὰ συγγενείας αὐτῶν, κατὰ δήμους αὐτῶν, κατʼ οἴκους πατριῶν αὐτῶν, κατὰ ἀριθμὸν ὀνομάτων αὐτῶν, κατὰ κεφαλὴν αὐτῶν, πάντα ἀρσενικὰ ἀπὸ εἰκοσαετοῦς καὶ ἐπάνω, πᾶς ὁ ἐκπορευόμενος ἐν τῇ δυνάμει,
For the sons of Asher according to their kindred, according to their divisions, according to the houses of their families, according to the number of their names, according to their polls, every male from twenty years old and upward, everyone that goes forth with the host,
41
פְּקֻדֵיהֶם לְמַטֵּה אָשֵׁר אֶחָד וְאַרְבָּעִים אֶלֶף וַחֲמֵשׁ מֵאוֹת
those that were numbered of them, of the tribe of Asher, were forty and one thousand and five hundred.
ἡ ἐπίσκεψις αὐτῶν ἐκ τῆς φυλῆς Ἀσὴρ, μία καὶ τεσσαράκοντα χιλιάδες καὶ πεντακόσιοι.
the numbering of them of the tribe of Asher, was forty and one thousand and five hundred.
42
בְּנֵי נַפְתָּלִי תּוֹלְדֹתָם לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָם לְבֵית אֲבֹתָם בְּמִסְפַּר שֵׁמֹת מִבֶּן עֶשְׂרִים שָׁנָה וָמַעְלָה כֹּל יֹצֵא צָבָא
Of the children of Naphtali, their generations, by their families, by their fathers' houses, according to the number of names, from twenty years old and upward, all that were able to go forth to war;
Τοῖς υἱοῖς Νεφθαλὶ κατὰ συγγενείας αὐτῶν, κατὰ δήμους αὐτῶν, κατʼ οἴκους πατριῶν αὐτῶν, κατὰ ἀριθμὸν ὀνομάτων αὐτῶν, κατὰ κεφαλὴν αὐτῶν, πάντα ἀρσενικὰ ἀπὸ εἰκοσαετοῦς καὶ ἐπάνω, πᾶς ὁ ἐκπορευόμενος ἐν τῇ δυνάμει,
For the sons of Naphtali according to their kindred, according to their divisions, according to the houses of their families, according to the number of their names, according to their polls, every male from twenty years old and upward, everyone who goes forth with the host,
43
פְּקֻדֵיהֶם לְמַטֵּה נַפְתָּלִי שְׁלֹשָׁה וַחֲמִשִּׁים אֶלֶף וְאַרְבַּע מֵאוֹת
those that were numbered of them, of the tribe of Naphtali, were fifty and three thousand and four hundred.
ἡ ἐπίσκεψις αὐτῶν ἐκ τῆς φυλῆς Νεφθαλὶ, τρεῖς καὶ πεντήκοντα χιλιάδες καὶ τετρακόσιοι.
the numbering of them of the tribe of Naphtali, was fifty-three thousand and four hundred.
44
אֵלֶּה הַפְּקֻדִים אֲשֶׁר פָּקַד מֹשֶׁה וְאַהֲרֹן וּנְשִׂיאֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר אִישׁ אִישׁ־אֶחָד לְבֵית־אֲבֹתָיו הָיוּ
These are those that were numbered, which Moses and Aaron numbered, and the princes of Israel, being twelve men; they were each one for his fathers' house.
Αὕτη ἡ ἐπίσκεψις, ἣν ἐπεσκέψαντο Μωυσῆς καὶ Ἀαρὼν καὶ οἱ ἄρχοντες Ἰσραὴλ δώδεκα ἄνδρες· ἀνὴρ εἷς κατὰ φυλὴν μίαν, κατὰ φυλὴν οἴκων πατριᾶς ἦσαν.
This is the numbering which Moses and Aaron and the rulers of Israel, being twelve men, conducted: there was a man for each tribe, they were according to the tribe of the houses of their family.
45
וַיִּהְיוּ כָּל־פְּקוּדֵי בְנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵל לְבֵית אֲבֹתָם מִבֶּן עֶשְׂרִים שָׁנָה וָמַעְלָה כָּל־יֹצֵא צָבָא בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל
And all those that were numbered of the children of Israel by their fathers' houses, from twenty years old and upward, all that were able to go forth to war in Israel;
Καὶ ἐγένετο πᾶσα ἡ ἐπίσκεψις υἱῶν Ἰσραὴλ σὺν δυνάμει αὐτῶν ἀπὸ εἰκοσαετοῦς καὶ ἐπάνω, πᾶς ὁ ἐκπορευόμενος παρατάξασθαι ἐν Ἰσραὴλ
And the whole numbering of the children of Israel with their host from twenty years old and upward, every one that goes out to set himself in battle array in Israel, came to
46
וַיִּהְיוּ כָּל־הַפְּקֻדִים שֵׁשׁ־מֵאוֹת אֶלֶף וּשְׁלֹשֶׁת אֲלָפִים וַחֲמֵשׁ מֵאוֹת וַחֲמִשִּׁים
even all those that were numbered were six hundred thousand and three thousand and five hundred and fifty.
ἑξακόσιαι χιλιάδες καὶ τρισχίλιοι καὶ πεντακόσιοι καὶ πεντήκοντα.
six hundred thousand and three thousand and five hundred and fifty.
47
וְהַלְוִיִּם לְמַטֵּה אֲבֹתָם לֹא הָתְפָּקְדוּ בְּתוֹכָם
But the Levites after the tribe of their fathers were not numbered among them.
Οἱ δὲ Λευῖται ἐκ τῆς φυλῆς πατριᾶς αὐτῶν οὐκ ἐπεσκέπησαν ἐν τοῖς υἱοῖς Ἰσραήλ.
But the Levites of the tribe of their family were not counted among the children of Israel.
48
וַיְדַבֵּר יְהוָה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה לֵּאמֹר
And HaShem spoke unto Moses, saying:
καὶ ἐλάλησε Κύριος πρὸς Μωυσῆν, λέγων,
And the Lord spoke to Moses, saying,
49
אַךְ אֶת־מַטֵּה לֵוִי לֹא תִפְקֹד וְאֶת־רֹאשָׁם לֹא תִשָּׂא בְּתוֹךְ בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל
'Howbeit the tribe of Levi thou shalt not number, neither shalt thou take the sum of them among the children of Israel;
ὅρα, τὴν φυλὴν Λευὶ οὐ συνεπισκέψῃ, καὶ τὸν ἀριθμὸν αὐτῶν οὐ λήμῃ, ἐν μέσῳ υἱῶν Ἰσραήλ.
See, thou shalt not muster the tribe of Levi, and thou shalt not take their numbers, in the midst of the children of Israel.
50
וְאַתָּה הַפְקֵד אֶת־הַלְוִיִּם עַל־מִשְׁכַּן הָעֵדֻת וְעַל כָּל־כֵּלָיו וְעַל כָּל־אֲשֶׁר־לוֹ הֵמָּה יִשְׂאוּ אֶת־הַמִּשְׁכָּן וְאֶת־כָּל־כֵּלָיו וְהֵם יְשָׁרְתֻהוּ וְסָבִיב לַמִּשְׁכָּן יַחֲנוּ
but appoint thou the Levites over the tabernacle of the testimony, and over all the furniture thereof, and over all that belongeth to it; they shall bear the tabernacle, and all the furniture thereof; and they shall minister unto it, and shall encamp round about the tabernacle.
Καὶ σὺ ἐπίστησον τοὺς Λευίτας ἐπὶ τὴν σκηνὴν τοῦ μαρτυρίου, καὶ ἐπὶ πάντα τὰ σκεύη αὐτῆς, καὶ ἐπὶ πάντα ὅσα ἐστὶν ἐν αὐτῇ· ἀροῦσιν αὐτοὶ τὴν σκηνὴν, καὶ πάντα τὰ σκεύη αὐτῆς· καὶ αὐτοὶ λειτουργήσουσιν ἐν αὐτῇ, καὶ κύκλῳ τῆς σκηνῆς παρεμβαλοῦσι.
And do thou set the Levites over the tabernacle of witness, and over all its furniture, and over all things that are in it; and they shall do service in it, and they shall encamp round about the tabernacle.
51
וּבִנְסֹעַ הַמִּשְׁכָּן יוֹרִידוּ אֹתוֹ הַלְוִיִּם וּבַחֲנֹת הַמִּשְׁכָּן יָקִימוּ אֹתוֹ הַלְוִיִּם וְהַזָּר הַקָּרֵב יוּמָת
And when the tabernacle setteth forward, the Levites shall take it down; and when the tabernacle is to be pitched, the Levites shall set it up; and the common man that draweth nigh shall be put to death.
Καὶ ἐν τῷ ἐξαίρειν τὴν σκηνὴν, καθελοῦσιν αὐτὴν οἱ Λευῖται, καὶ ἐν τῷ παρεμβάλλειν τὴν σκηνὴν, ἀναστήσουσι· καὶ ὁ ἀλλογενῆς ὁ προσπορευόμενος ἀποθανέτω.
And in removing the tabernacle, the Levites shall take it down, and in pitching the tabernacle they shall set it up: and let the stranger that advances [to touch it] die.
52
וְחָנוּ בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל אִישׁ עַל־מַחֲנֵהוּ וְאִישׁ עַל־דִּגְלוֹ לְצִבְאֹתָם
And the children of Israel shall pitch their tents, every man with his own camp, and every man with his own standard, according to their hosts.
Καὶ παρεμβαλοῦσιν οἱ υἱοὶ Ἰσραὴλ, ἀνὴρ ἐν τῇ ἑαυτοῦ τάξει, καὶ ἀνὴρ κατὰ τὴν ἑαυτοῦ ἡγεμονίαν, σὺν δυνάμει αὐτῶν.
And the children of Israel shall encamp, every man in his own order, and every man according to his company, with their host.
53
וְהַלְוִיִּם יַחֲנוּ סָבִיב לְמִשְׁכַּן הָעֵדֻת וְלֹא־יִהְיֶה קֶצֶף עַל־עֲדַת בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וְשָׁמְרוּ הַלְוִיִּם אֶת־מִשְׁמֶרֶת מִשְׁכַּן הָעֵדוּת
But the Levites shall pitch round about the tabernacle of the testimony, that there be no wrath upon the congregation of the children of Israel; and the Levites shall keep the charge of the tabernacle of the testimony.'
Οἱ δὲ Λευῖται παρεμβαλλέτωσαν ἐναντίοι κύκλῳ τῆς σκηνῆς τοῦ μαρτυρίου, καὶ οὐκ ἔσται ἁμάρτημα ἐν υἱοῖς Ἰσραήλ. καὶ φυλάξουσιν οἱ Λευῖται αὐτοὶ τὴν φυλακὴν τῆς σκηνῆς τοῦ μαρτυρίου.
But let the Levites encamp round about the tabernacle of witness fronting it, and [so] there shall be no sin among the children of Israel; and the Levites themselves shall keep the guard of the tabernacle of witness.
54
וַיַּעֲשׂוּ בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל כְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר צִוָּה יְהוָה אֶת־מֹשֶׁה כֵּן עָשׂוּ
Thus did the children of Israel; according to all that HaShem commanded Moses, so did they.
Καὶ ἐποίησαν οἱ υἱοὶ Ἰσραὴλ, κατὰ πάντα ἃ ἐνετείλατο Κύριος τῷ Μωυσῇ καὶ Ἀαρὼν, οὕτως ἐποίησαν.
And the children of Israel did according to all that the Lord commanded Moses and Aaron, so did they.

How it works

A parallel reader for the Hebrew Bible and its oldest witnesses: the Masoretic text, the Samaritan Pentateuch, the Dead Sea Scrolls and the Septuagint, each with an English translation where one is available.

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Choose a book and chapter at the top, or type a reference into Go to (Isa 53:11, 1 Sam 3, sam 3:4, ii kgs 2, ben sira 51). Book names can be abbreviated; a name shared by numbered books (sam, kings, chr, macc) opens the first of them unless you add the number. The arrow keys move between chapters, and the address bar keeps a link to the verse you clicked, so you can bookmark or share a place.

Each row is one verse. Rows follow the Masoretic verse numbering, so the Hebrew, JPS and Samaritan columns line up exactly. The Septuagint is numbered differently in many places (Psalms, Jeremiah, Exodus 35–40, parts of Kings, Proverbs, Daniel, and dozens of chapter boundaries). Its verses are placed against their Masoretic counterparts, and a small tag such as 50:3 shows the Septuagint's own number when it differs. Greek verses that have no Masoretic counterpart (for example the Prayer of Azariah in Daniel 3) appear in reading order as separate rows marked LXX.

Columns

The chips at the top switch columns on and off. Drag a chip (or a column heading) to reorder; with a chip focused, the ← → keys move it. Your choice is remembered. The Samaritan columns appear only in Genesis–Deuteronomy; the scrolls column appears wherever a manuscript survives, including Ben Sira. Columns marked † are licensed for non-commercial use only.

Words: lexicon and concordance

Hover over any Hebrew word (Masoretic, Samaritan or scroll) or any Greek word to see its dictionary form, Strong's number, a short gloss and its grammar. Click the word to open the concordance on the right: the full lexicon entry, then every occurrence, grouped by book — for Hebrew, separately for the Masoretic text, the Samaritan Pentateuch and the scrolls (with the manuscript named). Click a reference to go there; every form of the word in the chapter is highlighted. You can also type a word or a Strong's number into Lexicon at the top.

In the Masoretic text, a Ketiv (the written form, unpointed) is shown in grey immediately before its Qere (the form read aloud); both carry the Qere's dictionary entry.

Variants

The Samaritan Pentateuch and every scroll are compared word by word with the Masoretic text of the same verse:

In the scrolls, letters in brackets are a modern editor's reconstruction and are never counted as variants; letters with a dotted overline are uncertain; ◦ is a trace of an unreadable letter. Manuscripts written in paleo-Hebrew script, and divine names that square-script scrolls write in paleo-Hebrew, are shown in paleo-Hebrew letters (switchable under Display). Hover a manuscript to see its edition. Display → Dead Sea Scrolls can hide the manuscripts that agree with the Masoretic text, or strip the reconstructions to show only what survives.

The comparison is automatic. It aligns words by spelling, so a transposition or a long rewritten passage can be marked imperfectly, and the spelling rule cannot tell a suffix from a vowel letter. Treat the colours as a finding aid and check a critical edition before building an argument on a reading.

Books outside the Hebrew Bible

Besides the Septuagint-only books, the book list has 1 Enoch and Jubilees (“Other ancient books”), shown in R. H. Charles's English with the Qumran copies beside them, and Psalms has a chapter 151. Their scroll copies — like those of Tobit and Ben Sira — have no verse numbers in the data: each fragment is placed by its published identification, and its lines are spread over those verses, so treat the exact verse boundaries as approximate. Aramaic copies (Tobit 4Q196–199 and all of Enoch) are marked “Aramaic” and have no word lookups.

Rabbinic citations

The small ❝ under a verse number opens the passages of rabbinic literature that cite that verse — Mishnah, Tosefta, both Talmuds, Midrash, Targum and Kabbalah (and, if you tick the box, later halakhah, liturgy and thought) — fetched live from Sefaria, so it needs an internet connection. Each passage is listed with Sefaria's date for the work it comes from and a link to read it there. Sefaria's links include allusions and discussions as well as quotations; those it classes as quotations are marked. It works for the Hebrew Bible, Ben Sira (by Kahana's numbering, e.g. the Talmud's quotations of Ben Sira), Tobit and Jubilees. For 1 Enoch, which the rabbis do not quote, it lists instead the Zohar's passages about a “Book of Enoch”.

How the Septuagint is aligned

Each Greek verse is placed by combining three things: the standard table of Septuagint–Masoretic verse correspondences (SIL's lxx.vrs), the table of Masoretic–English numbering differences, and a comparison of the English of Brenton's Septuagint with the JPS English, which confirms each pairing and catches displaced verses. Where no Masoretic verse is similar enough, the Greek verse stands on its own row.

The Greek word data

No openly licensed word-by-word analysis of Brenton's Greek exists, so each Greek word is matched to the most frequent analysis of the same form in the openly licensed Swete Septuagint (Morpheus parser), then to a lexicon entry. About 95% of words are identified. Parses of ambiguous forms (e.g. αὐτοῦ, τοῦ) can be wrong; the card says "automatic parse" as a reminder.

Building and updating

The page reads prepared data from the data folder; python3 build.py (in the app folder) downloads the sources into sources and rebuilds it in a few minutes. Two files must be added by hand: eng-Brenton_vpl.zip from ebible.org and SPE.zip from CrossWire. python3 build.py --public-domain-only leaves out the three non-commercially-licensed layers; --download-only just fetches the sources. Licences and required credits are listed in SOURCES.md.

About the texts

What each column is, where it comes from, and what to keep in mind when reading it.

Masoretic Text — Westminster Leningrad Codex

The Masoretic text is the Hebrew Bible as transmitted by the Masoretes, scribal scholars active in Tiberias and elsewhere roughly from the 7th to the 10th century, who fixed its vowel points, accents and marginal notes (the Masorah) around a consonantal text that was already essentially stable by the 1st–2nd century CE. The Leningrad Codex (St Petersburg, Firkovich I B 19 A), copied in 1008/1009 CE in the Ben Asher tradition, is the oldest complete manuscript of the Hebrew Bible; the slightly older Aleppo Codex lost most of the Torah in 1947. It is the base of the standard critical editions (BHK, BHS, BHQ).

The Westminster Leningrad Codex is the public-domain digital transcription of it maintained by the J. Alan Groves Center at Westminster Theological Seminary. In this edition a Ketiv appears as its own unpointed word before the pointed Qere.

JPS 1917 — The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text

The first English Bible translation produced by a committee of Jewish scholars for the Jewish Publication Society of America, under Max L. Margolis as editor-in-chief, published in 1917. Its language deliberately follows the cadence of the King James and Revised Versions, but its renderings follow the Masoretic text and Jewish exegetical tradition, and it keeps the Hebrew chapter and verse numbering. It is in the public domain; its successor, the New JPS (Tanakh, 1985), is not. The electronic edition used here writes the divine names as “HaShem” and “G-d”.

Septuagint — Brenton's Greek text and the Updated Brenton English

The Septuagint is the Jewish translation of the Hebrew scriptures into Greek. The Torah was translated in Alexandria in the 3rd century BCE (the Letter of Aristeas tells the legend of 72 translators under Ptolemy II); the other books followed over the next two centuries. Because it was made from Hebrew manuscripts older than the Masoretic text, it often preserves a different Hebrew text: Jeremiah is about one-seventh shorter and differently ordered (a shorter Hebrew text of this type survives at Qumran in 4QJerb,d), Job is about one-sixth shorter, and Esther and Daniel have long additions. It was the Bible of Philo, Josephus and the New Testament writers, and became the Old Testament of the Greek church, which in turn led Jewish translators (Aquila, Symmachus, Theodotion) to produce closer revisions.

Sir Lancelot C. L. Brenton published an English translation in 1844 and a Greek–English edition in 1851. His Greek is essentially the Sixtine (Roman) edition of 1587, which follows the 4th-century Codex Vaticanus. It is older and less critical than the modern editions of Rahlfs (1935) and Göttingen, which are under copyright. The English column is the Updated Brenton (Adam Boyd, 2020), Brenton's translation with modernised spelling and wording, dedicated to the public domain.

Samaritan Pentateuch †

The Torah as preserved by the Samaritan community of Mount Gerizim (Nablus), written in the Samaritan script, a descendant of the paleo-Hebrew alphabet. It differs from the Masoretic text in about 6,000 places, most of them spelling or grammar; in about 1,900 of them it agrees with the Septuagint. Some readings are distinctively Samaritan, above all the commandment to build an altar on Mount Gerizim added after the Ten Commandments (Exod 20:17; Deut 5:21) and “Gerizim” for “Ebal” in Deut 27:4. Many others — harmonising expansions that copy one passage into its parallel — are shared with “pre-Samaritan” Qumran manuscripts such as 4QpaleoExodm and 4QNumb, showing that the text type is older than the Samaritan schism.

European scholars learned of it in 1616, when Pietro della Valle brought a manuscript from Damascus; it was printed in the Paris (1645) and London (1657) Polyglots, collated by Benjamin Kennicott (1776–80) and edited critically by August von Gall (1914–18). The Hebrew here is Aleksandr Sigalov's digital text, based on Kennicott and checked against von Gall; the English is Sigalov's adaptation of the King James Version to the Samaritan readings. For modern scholarship see Abraham Tal's edition of MS Shechem 6 and Stefan Schorch's critical editio maior.

Dead Sea Scrolls and other Judean Desert manuscripts †

Between 1947 and 1956 the remains of about 950 manuscripts were found in eleven caves near Khirbet Qumran. Some 230 are biblical — every book of the Hebrew Bible except Esther is represented, from tiny fragments to the complete Great Isaiah Scroll (1QIsaa) — dating from about 250 BCE to 68 CE. They are a thousand years older than the Leningrad Codex. Most are close to the ancestor of the Masoretic text (“proto-Masoretic”), but others agree with the Septuagint (4QJerb, 4QSama in places), with the Samaritan text type, or with neither — evidence that several forms of the text circulated side by side before the Masoretic text prevailed.

Manuscripts from other sites fill out the picture: Masada (before its fall in 73/74 CE; excavated by Yigael Yadin, 1963–65) and the Bar Kokhba refuges of Wadi Murabba'at and Naḥal Ḥever (132–135 CE), whose biblical texts are already virtually identical with the Masoretic text, as well as Naḥal Ṣe'elim, Wadi Sdeir and Naḥal Arugot. The official publication is the Discoveries in the Judaean Desert series (Oxford, 1955–2010).

The transcriptions here are those of Martin G. Abegg Jr., James E. Bowley and Edward M. Cook, as converted by the Eep Talstra Centre for Bible and Computer (ETCBC). Each manuscript is labelled with its siglum (e.g. 4QIsad), its DJD number, its find-site and the column or fragment and line. Besides the biblical manuscripts, the copies of Ben Sira, Tobit, 1 Enoch, Jubilees and Psalm 151 are shown under those books. Not every manuscript is in the dataset — notably the Greek scrolls (such as the Greek Minor Prophets from Naḥal Ḥever) are absent, and the Masada Ben Sira scroll is added separately (see Ben Sira).

Ben Sira

The Wisdom of Yeshua ben Eleazar ben Sira, composed in Hebrew in Jerusalem around 190–180 BCE and translated into Greek by his grandson in Egypt after 132 BCE (his prologue explains the difficulty of rendering Hebrew into Greek). It belongs to the Septuagint and to the Catholic and Orthodox canons (Latin Ecclesiasticus) but not to the Jewish one, although the Talmud and midrash quote it. Its Hebrew text was lost to the West until 1896, when Solomon Schechter, Agnes Lewis and Margaret Gibson identified medieval copies in the Cairo Genizah; ancient Hebrew copies then emerged at Qumran and Masada.

About two-thirds of the Hebrew is now known, from six medieval Genizah manuscripts (A–F, 10th–12th century) and three ancient ones: 2QSir (2Q18; Sir 6:14–15, 20–32), the acrostic of Sir 51:13–20, 30 in the Psalms Scroll 11QPsa (columns 21–22), and the Masada scroll (Mas1h), found by Yigael Yadin in 1964 in a casemate room of the fortress and published in 1965: seven columns with Sir 39:27–44:17, copied in the early 1st century BCE, little more than a century after the author. Its agreement with Genizah manuscript B showed that the medieval copies descend from the ancient Hebrew rather than from a translation back from Greek or Syriac.

Here the book is shown in Brenton's Greek and English. The Hebrew column is the Kahana edition, as transcribed on Hebrew Wikisource and distributed by Sefaria (CC BY-SA): a running text built on the Genizah manuscripts, in which words in [brackets] are Kahana's restorations; chapters with no surviving Hebrew are empty. Kahana numbers the verses in the Hebrew order — in the Greek, two blocks of chapters 30–36 are transposed — so his verses have been matched to Brenton's by content for this app, with his own number shown as “Heb.” where it differs. The scrolls column has the three ancient witnesses; the Masada text is Eric Reymond's transcription from bensira.org, which states no licence, so it is only included when you download it yourself. Their placement was made for this app by matching the text; there is no Masoretic text to compare them with, so no variants are marked.

Psalm 151

The Septuagint Psalter ends with a short psalm “outside the number”, in which David recalls tending his father's sheep, his anointing and his victory over Goliath. It belongs to the Greek, Syriac and Ethiopic Bibles but not to the Hebrew one, and was long thought to have been composed in Greek — until the Psalms Scroll from Qumran Cave 11 (11QPsa, published by James Sanders in 1965) turned out to contain a longer Hebrew original in its 28th column, as two poems (151A on David's music and anointing, 151B, broken off, on Goliath). The Greek is a condensed translation of them. The psalm is shown as chapter 151 of Psalms, with the scroll's lines under the Greek verses they correspond to.

Tobit

A Jewish novella of the Eastern diaspora (probably 3rd–2nd century BCE): the pious exile Tobit, blinded in Nineveh, sends his son Tobias to recover money in Media, guided by the angel Raphael in disguise; on the way Tobias marries Sarah and drives off the demon Asmodeus. It is in the Septuagint and the Catholic and Orthodox canons. It survives in two Greek forms — a shorter one (Codices Vaticanus and Alexandrinus, printed by Brenton) and a longer one (Codex Sinaiticus) — and the Qumran copies, four in Aramaic (4Q196–199) and one in Hebrew (4Q200), published by Joseph Fitzmyer in 1995, side with the longer form, which is now generally taken as nearer the original. Their verse placement here follows Fitzmyer's identifications.

1 Enoch

A collection of five works ascribed to Enoch, the seventh from Adam who “walked with God” (Gen 5:24): the Book of the Watchers (ch. 1–36, 3rd century BCE), on the angels who descended to the daughters of men; the Parables (37–71); the Astronomical Book (72–82); the Dream Visions (83–90), with the “Animal Apocalypse” of Israel's history; and the Epistle of Enoch (91–108). It is quoted in the Letter of Jude (1:14–15) and is canonical in the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, whose Ge'ez version is the only complete text; Greek survives for about a third. Józef Milik published the Aramaic fragments from Qumran Cave 4 in 1976: eleven copies, covering every part except the Parables, the oldest from around 200 BCE. The English is R. H. Charles's 1917 translation from the Ethiopic (public domain). The Astronomical scrolls (4Q208–211) contain a much longer calendar than the Ethiopic; only their few passages that match chapters 76–82 are placed.

Jubilees

A retelling of Genesis and Exodus 1–14 as revealed to Moses on Sinai by an “angel of the presence”, dated by a calendar of 49-year jubilees and a 364-day solar year (mid-2nd century BCE). Like 1 Enoch it is canonical only in the Ethiopian church, whose Ge'ez version is the only complete text; parts survive in Latin, Syriac and Greek quotations. Fragments of about fifteen Hebrew copies were found at Qumran, more than of most biblical books, and are published in DJD 13 (VanderKam and Milik, 1994) and DJD 23. The English is R. H. Charles's 1917 translation (public domain).

Lexicon and concordance data

Hebrew words carry the analysis of STEPBible's Translators Amalgamated Hebrew OT (Tyndale House, Cambridge): extended Strong's numbers — James Strong's 1890 numbering, subdivided to follow the Brown–Driver–Briggs lexicon (1906) — with morphology from the ETCBC and an abridged BDB for definitions. Samaritan and scroll words take the analysis of the Masoretic word they correspond to, or, where they differ, of the same written form elsewhere in the Masoretic text. Greek words are matched through the Swete Septuagint and the Morpheus parser to STEPBible's Greek lexicon, which draws on Abbott-Smith (1922) and Liddell–Scott–Jones.

† Licensed for non-commercial use only. Full credits and licences: SOURCES.md.